The Middle East, already saturated with conflict, is boiling over. At 4 a.m. local time on Sunday, December 8, 2024, the regime of Bashar al-Assad dissolved, after ruling Syria together with his father for 54 years. The repercussions are difficult to measure and affect the entire Mediterranean. This unexpected war within a war takes us back to the Arab Spring of 2011 and forces all the actors involved to review their strategies and ask themselves what is the most desirable development to cope with reconstruction.